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SED(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   SED(1)



[1mNAME
     [0msed - stream editor

[1mSYNOPSIS
     sed [0m[ [1m-n [0m] [ [1m-e [0mscript ] [ [1m-f [0msfile ] [ file ] ...

[1mDESCRIPTION
     [0m_S_e_d copies the named _f_i_l_e_s (standard input default) to the
     standard output, edited according to a script of commands.
     The [1m-f [0moption causes the script to be taken from file _s_f_i_l_e;
     these options accumulate.	If there is just one [1m-e [0moption
     and no [1m-f[0m's, the flag [1m-e [0mmay be omitted.  The [1m-n [0moption
     suppresses the default output.

     A script consists of editing commands, one per line, of the
     following form:

	  [address [, address] ] function [arguments]

     In normal operation _s_e_d cyclically copies a line of input
     into a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n _s_p_a_c_e (unless there is something left after a
     `D' command), applies in sequence all commands whose
     _a_d_d_r_e_s_s_e_s select that pattern space, and at the end of the
     script copies the pattern space to the standard output
     (except under [1m-n[0m) and deletes the pattern space.

     An _a_d_d_r_e_s_s is either a decimal number that counts input
     lines cumulatively across files, a `$' that addresses the
     last line of input, or a context address, `/regular expres-
     sion/', in the style of _e_d(1) modified thus:

     1	  In a context address the construction _\?_r_e_g_e_x_p?, where
	  ? is any character, is identical to /_r_e_g_e_x_p/.  Note
	  that the nominated character can still be included in
	  the regular expression if it is quoted with a
	  backslash, thus: _\_x_a_b_c_\_x_d_e_f_x matches the text _a_b_c_x_d_e_f.

     2	  The escape sequence `\n' matches a newline embedded in
	  the pattern space.

     3	  A command line with no addresses selects every pattern
	  space.

     4	  A command line with one address selects each pattern
	  space that matches the address.

     5	  A command line with two addresses selects the inclusive
	  range from the first pattern space that matches the
	  first address through the next pattern space that
	  matches the second.  (If the second address is a number
	  less than or equal to the line number first selected,
	  only one line is selected.) Thereafter the process is



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SED(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   SED(1)



	  repeated, looking again for the first address.

     6	  Editing commands can be applied only to non-selected
	  pattern spaces by use of the negation function `!'
	  (below).

     In the following list of functions the maximum number of
     permissible addresses for each function is indicated in
     parentheses.

     An argument denoted _t_e_x_t consists of one or more lines, all
     but the last of which end with `\' to hide the newline.
     Backslashes in text are treated like backslashes in the
     replacement string of an `s' command, and may be used to
     protect initial blanks and tabs against the stripping that
     is done on every script line.

     An argument denoted _r_f_i_l_e or _w_f_i_l_e must terminate the com-
     mand line and must be preceded by exactly one blank.  Each
     _w_f_i_l_e is created before processing begins.  There can be at
     most 10 distinct _w_f_i_l_e arguments.

     (1)a\
     _t_e_x_t
	  Append.  Place _t_e_x_t on the output before reading the
	  next input line.

     (2)b _l_a_b_e_l
	  Branch to the `:' command bearing the _l_a_b_e_l.	If _l_a_b_e_l
	  is empty, branch to the end of the script.

     (2)c\
     _t_e_x_t
	  Change.  Delete the pattern space.  With 0 or 1 address
	  or at the end of a 2-address range, place _t_e_x_t on the
	  output.  Start the next cycle.

     (2)d Delete the pattern space.  Start the next cycle.

     (2)D Delete the initial segment of the pattern space through
	  the first newline.  Start the next cycle.

     (2)g Replace the contents of the pattern space by the con-
	  tents of the hold space.

     (2)G Append the contents of the hold space to the pattern
	  space.

     (2)h Replace the contents of the hold space by the contents
	  of the pattern space.

     (2)H Append the contents of the pattern space to the hold



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SED(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   SED(1)



	  space.

     (1)i\
     _t_e_x_t
	  Insert.  Place _t_e_x_t on the standard output.

     (2)l List the pattern space on the output in an unambiguous
	  form.  Non-printing characters are displayed in a
	  mnemonic form and long lines are folded.

     (2)n Copy the pattern space to the standard output.  Replace
	  the pattern space with the next line of input.

     (2)N Append the next line of input to the pattern space with
	  an embedded newline.	(The current line number
	  changes.)

     (2)p Print.  Copy the pattern space to the standard output.

     (2)P Copy the initial segment of the pattern space through
	  the first newline to the standard output.

     (1)q Quit.  Branch to the end of the script.  Do not start a
	  new cycle.

     (2)r _r_f_i_l_e
	  Read the contents of _r_f_i_l_e.  Place them on the output
	  before reading the next input line.

     (2)s/_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n/_r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t/_f_l_a_g_s
	  Substitute the _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t string for instances of the
	  _r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n in the pattern space.  Any character
	  may be used instead of `/'.  For a fuller description
	  see _e_d(1).  _F_l_a_g_s is zero or more of the following.
	  (When combined, they must be used in the order shown
	  below).

	  n    where n is an integer in the range 1 to 512.  Sub-
	       stitute just the _nth occurence of the regular
	       expression.

	  g    Global.	Substitute for all nonoverlapping
	       instances of the _r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n rather than
	       just the first one.

	  p    Print the pattern space if a replacement was made.

	  w _w_f_i_l_e
	       Write.  Append the pattern space to _w_f_i_l_e if a
	       replacement was made.

     (2)t _l_a_b_e_l



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SED(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   SED(1)



	  Test.  Branch to the `:' command bearing the _l_a_b_e_l if
	  any substitutions have been made since the most recent
	  reading of an input line or execution of a `t'.  If
	  _l_a_b_e_l is empty, branch to the end of the script.

     (2)w _w_f_i_l_e
	  Write.  Append the pattern space to _w_f_i_l_e.

     (2)x Exchange the contents of the pattern and hold spaces.

     (2)y/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/
	  Transform.  Replace all occurrences of characters in
	  _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with the corresponding character in _s_t_r_i_n_g_2.
	  The lengths of _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 and _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 must be equal.

     (2)! _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n
	  Don't.  Apply the _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n (or group, if _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is
	  `{') only to lines _n_o_t selected by the address(es).

     (0): _l_a_b_e_l
	  This command does nothing; it bears a _l_a_b_e_l for `b' and
	  `t' commands to branch to.

     (1)= Place the current line number on the standard output as
	  a line.

     (2){ Execute the following commands through a matching `}'
	  only when the pattern space is selected.

     (0)  An empty command is ignored.

     (0)# If a # appears as the first character of the first line
	  of a script file, then the line is treated as a com-
	  ment.  The only excpetion to this rule is if the char-
	  acter immediately following the # is a lowercase `n'.
	  In this case the default output will be supressed, as
	  if the [1m-n [0mflag had been specified.

[1mSEE ALSO
     [0med(1), grep(1), awk(1), lex(1)















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