[0m


SAIL(6)             UNIX Programmer's Manual		  SAIL(6)



[1mNAME
     [0msail - multi-user wooden ships and iron men

[1mSYNOPSIS
     sail [0m[ [1m-s [0m[ [1m-l [0m] ] [ [1m-x [0m] [ [1m-b [0m] [ [1mnum [0m]

[1mDESCRIPTION
     [0m_S_a_i_l is a computer version of Avalon Hill's game of fighting
     sail originally developed by S. Craig Taylor.

     Players of _S_a_i_l take command of an old fashioned Man of War
     and fight other players or the computer.  They may re-enact
     one of the many historical sea battles recorded in the game,
     or they can choose a fictional battle.

     As a sea captain in the _S_a_i_l Navy, the player has complete
     control over the workings of his ship.  He must order every
     maneuver, change the set of his sails, and judge the right
     moment to let loose the terrible destruction of his broad-
     sides.  In addition to fighting the enemy, he must harness
     the powers of the wind and sea to make them work for him.
     The outcome of many battles during the age of sail was
     decided by the ability of one captain to hold the `weather
     gage.'

     The flags are:

     [1m-s   [0mPrint the names and ships of the top ten sailors.

     [1m-l   [0mShow the login name.	Only effective with [1m-s[0m.

     [1m-x   [0mPlay the first available ship instead of prompting for
	  a choice.

     [1m-b   [0mNo bells.

[1mIMPLEMENTATION
     [0m_S_a_i_l is really two programs in one.  Each player starts up a
     process which runs his own ship.  In addition, a _d_r_i_v_e_r pro-
     cess is forked (by the first player) to run the computer
     ships and take care of global bookkeeping.

     Because the _d_r_i_v_e_r must calculate moves for each ship it
     controls, the more ships the computer is playing, the slower
     the game will appear.

     If a player joins a game in progress, he will synchronize
     with the other players (a rather slow process for everyone),
     and then he may play along with the rest.

     To implement a multi-user game in Version 7 UNIX, which was
     the operating system _S_a_i_l was first written under, the



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     communicating processes must use a common temporary file as
     a place to read and write messages.  In addition, a locking
     mechanism must be provided to ensure exclusive access to the
     shared file.  For example, _S_a_i_l uses a temporary file named
     /var/tmp/#sailsink.21 for scenario 21, and corresponding
     file names for the other scenarios.  To provide exclusive
     access to the temporary file, _S_a_i_l uses a technique stolen
     from an old game called "pubcaves" by Jeff Cohen.	Processes
     do a busy wait in the loop

	  for (n = 0; link(sync_file, sync_lock) < 0 && n < 30; n++)
				   sleep(2);

     until they are able to create a link to a file named
     "/var/tmp/#saillock.??".  The "??" correspond to the
     scenario number of the game.  Since UNIX guarantees that a
     link will point to only one file, the process that succeeds
     in linking will have exclusive access to the temporary file.

     Whether or not this really works is open to speculation.
     When ucbmiro was rebooted after a crash, the file system
     check program found 3 links between the _S_a_i_l temporary file
     and its link file.

[1mCONSEQUENCES OF SEPARATE PLAYER AND DRIVER
     [0mWhen players do something of global interest, such as moving
     or firing, the driver must coordinate the action with the
     other ships in the game.  For example, if a player wants to
     move in a certain direction, he writes a message into the
     temporary file requesting the driver to move his ship.  Each
     ``turn,'' the driver reads all the messages sent from the
     players and decides what happened.  It then writes back into
     the temporary file new values of variables, etc.

     The most noticeable effect this communication has on the
     game is the delay in moving.  Suppose a player types a move
     for his ship and hits return.  What happens then?	The
     player process saves up messages to be written to the tem-
     porary file in a buffer.  Every 7 seconds or so, the player
     process gets exclusive access to the temporary file and
     writes out its buffer to the file.  The driver, running
     asynchronously, must read in the movement command, process
     it, and write out the results.  This takes two exclusive
     accesses to the temporary file.  Finally, when the player
     process gets around to doing another 7 second update, the
     results of the move are displayed on the screen.  Hence,
     every movement requires four exclusive accesses to the tem-
     porary file (anywhere from 7 to 21 seconds depending upon
     asynchrony) before the player sees the results of his moves.

     In practice, the delays are not as annoying as they would
     appear.  There is room for "pipelining" in the movement.



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     After the player writes out a first movement message, a
     second movement command can then be issued.  The first mes-
     sage will be in the temporary file waiting for the driver,
     and the second will be in the file buffer waiting to be
     written to the file.  Thus, by always typing moves a turn
     ahead of the time, the player can sail around quite quickly.

     If the player types several movement commands between two 7
     second updates, only the last movement command typed will be
     seen by the driver.  Movement commands within the same
     update "overwrite" each other, in a sense.

[1mTHE HISTORY OF SAIL
     [0mI wrote the first version of _S_a_i_l on a PDP 11/70 in the fall
     of 1980.  Needless to say, the code was horrendous, not
     portable in any sense of the word, and didn't work.  The
     program was not very modular and had fseeks() and fwrites()
     every few lines.  After a tremendous rewrite from the top
     down, I got the first working version up by 1981.	There
     were several annoying bugs concerning firing broadsides and
     finding angles.  _S_a_i_l uses no floating point, by the way, so
     the direction routines are rather tricky.	Ed Wang rewrote
     my angle() routine in 1981 to be more correct (although it
     still doesn't work perfectly), and he added code to let a
     player select which ship he wanted at the start of the game
     (instead of the first one available).

     Captain Happy (Craig Leres) is responsible for making _S_a_i_l
     portable for the first time.  This was no easy task, by the
     way.  Constants like 2 and 10 were very frequent in the
     code.  I also became famous for using "Riggle Memorial
     Structures" in _S_a_i_l. Many of my structure references are so
     long that they run off the line printer page.  Here is an
     example, if you promise not to laugh.

     specs[scene[flog.fgamenum].ship[flog.fshipnum].shipnum].pts


     _S_a_i_l received its fourth and most thorough rewrite in the
     summer and fall of 1983.  Ed Wang rewrote and modularized
     the code (a monumental feat) almost from scratch.	Although
     he introduced many new bugs, the final result was very much
     cleaner and (?) faster.  He added window movement commands
     and find ship commands.

[1mHISTORICAL INFO
     [0mOld Square Riggers were very maneuverable ships capable of
     intricate sailing.  Their only disadvantage was an inability
     to sail very close to the wind.  The design of a wooden ship
     allowed only for the guns to bear to the left and right
     sides.  A few guns of small aspect (usually 6 or 9 pounders)
     could point forward, but their effect was small compared to



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     a 68 gun broadside of 24 or 32 pounders.  The guns bear
     approximately like so:

	    \
	     b----------------
	 ---0
	     \
	      \
	       \     up to a range of ten (for round shot)
		\
		 \
		  \

     An interesting phenomenon occurred when a broadside was
     fired down the length of an enemy ship.  The shot tended to
     bounce along the deck and did several times more damage.
     This phenomenon was called a rake.  Because the bows of a
     ship are very strong and present a smaller target than the
     stern, a stern rake (firing from the stern to the bow)
     causes more damage than a bow rake.

			     b
			    00	 ----  Stern rake!
			      a

     Most ships were equipped with carronades, which were very
     large, close range cannons.  American ships from the revolu-
     tion until the War of 1812 were almost entirely armed with
     carronades.

     The period of history covered in _S_a_i_l is approximately from
     the 1770's until the end of Napoleanic France in 1815.
     There are many excellent books about the age of sail.  My
     favorite author is Captain Frederick Marryat.  More contem-
     porary authors include C.S. Forester and Alexander Kent.

     Fighting ships came in several sizes classed by armament.
     The mainstays of any fleet were its "Ships of the Line", or
     "Line of Battle Ships".  They were so named because these
     ships fought together in great lines.  They were close
     enough for mutual support, yet every ship could fire both
     its broadsides.  We get the modern words "ocean liner," or
     "liner," and "battleship" from "ship of the line."  The most
     common size was the the 74 gun two decked ship of the line.
     The two gun decks usually mounted 18 and 24 pounder guns.

     The pride of the fleet were the first rates.  These were
     huge three decked ships of the line mounting 80 to 136 guns.
     The guns in the three tiers were usually 18, 24, and 32
     pounders in that order from top to bottom.





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     Various other ships came next.  They were almost all
     "razees," or ships of the line with one deck sawed off.
     They mounted 40-64 guns and were a poor cross between a fri-
     gate and a line of battle ship.  They neither had the speed
     of the former nor the firepower of the latter.

     Next came the "eyes of the fleet."  Frigates came in many
     sizes mounting anywhere from 32 to 44 guns.  They were very
     handy vessels.  They could outsail anything bigger and
     outshoot anything smaller.  Frigates didn't fight in lines
     of battle as the much bigger 74's did.  Instead, they
     harassed the enemy's rear or captured crippled ships.  They
     were much more useful in missions away from the fleet, such
     as cutting out expeditions or boat actions.  They could hit
     hard and get away fast.

     Lastly, there were the corvettes, sloops, and brigs.  These
     were smaller ships mounting typically fewer than 20 guns.	A
     corvette was only slightly smaller than a frigate, so one
     might have up to 30 guns.	Sloops were used for carrying
     dispatches or passengers.	Brigs were something you built
     for land-locked lakes.

[1mSAIL PARTICULARS
     [0mShips in _S_a_i_l are represented by two characters.  One char-
     acter represents the bow of the ship, and the other
     represents the stern.  Ships have nationalities and numbers.
     The first ship of a nationality is number 0, the second
     number 1, etc.  Therefore, the first British ship in a game
     would be printed as "b0".	The second Brit would be "b1",
     and the fifth Don would be "s4".

     Ships can set normal sails, called Battle Sails, or bend on
     extra canvas called Full Sails.  A ship under full sail is a
     beautiful sight indeed, and it can move much faster than a
     ship under Battle Sails.  The only trouble is, with full
     sails set, there is so much tension on sail and rigging that
     a well aimed round shot can burst a sail into ribbons where
     it would only cause a little hole in a loose sail.  For this
     reason, rigging damage is doubled on a ship with full sails
     set.  Don't let that discourage you from using full sails.
     I like to keep them up right into the heat of battle.  A
     ship with full sails set has a capital letter for its
     nationality.  E.g., a Frog, "f0", with full sails set would
     be printed as "F0".

     When a ship is battered into a listing hulk, the last man
     aboard "strikes the colors."  This ceremony is the ship's
     formal surrender.	The nationality character of a surren-
     dered ship is printed as "!".  E.g., the Frog of our last
     example would soon be "!0".




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     A ship has a random chance of catching fire or sinking when
     it reaches the stage of listing hulk.  A sinking ship has a
     "~" printed for its nationality, and a ship on fire and
     about to explode has a "#" printed.

     Captured ships become the nationality of the prize crew.
     Therefore, if an American ship captures a British ship, the
     British ship will have an "a" printed for its nationality.
     In addition, the ship number is changed to "&","'", "(",
     ,")", "*", or "+" depending upon the original number, be it
     0,1,2,3,4, or 5.  E.g., the "b0" captured by an American
     becomes the "a&".	The "s4" captured by a Frog becomes the
     "f*".

     The ultimate example is, of course, an exploding Brit cap-
     tured by an American: "#&".

[1mMOVEMENT
     [0mMovement is the most confusing part of _S_a_i_l to many.  Ships
     can head in 8 directions:

				      0      0	    0
	     b	     b	     b0      b	     b	     b	     0b      b
	     0	      0                                             0

     The stern of a ship moves when it turns.  The bow remains
     stationary.  Ships can always turn, regardless of the wind
     (unless they are becalmed).  All ships drift when they lose
     headway.  If a ship doesn't move forward at all for two
     turns, it will begin to drift.  If a ship has begun to
     drift, then it must move forward before it turns, if it
     plans to do more than make a right or left turn, which is
     always possible.

     Movement commands to _S_a_i_l are a string of forward moves and
     turns.  An example is "l3".  It will turn a ship left and
     then move it ahead 3 spaces.  In the drawing above, the "b0"
     made 7 successive left turns.  When _S_a_i_l prompts you for a
     move, it prints three characters of import.  E.g.,
	  move (7, 4):
     The first number is the maximum number of moves you can
     make, including turns.  The second number is the maximum
     number of turns you can make.  Between the numbers is some-
     times printed a quote "'".  If the quote is present, it
     means that your ship has been drifting, and you must move
     ahead to regain headway before you turn (see note above).
     Some of the possible moves for the example above are as fol-
     lows:

	  move (7, 4): 7
	  move (7, 4): 1
	  move (7, 4): d      /* drift, or do nothing */



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	  move (7, 4): 6r
	  move (7, 4): 5r1
	  move (7, 4): 4r1r
	  move (7, 4): l1r1r2
	  move (7, 4): 1r1r1r1

     Because square riggers performed so poorly sailing into the
     wind, if at any point in a movement command you turn into
     the wind, the movement stops there.  E.g.,

	  move (7, 4): l1l4
	  Movement Error;
	  Helm: l1l

     Moreover, whenever you make a turn, your movement allowance
     drops to min(what's left, what you would have at the new
     attitude).  In short, if you turn closer to the wind, you
     most likely won't be able to sail the full allowance printed
     in the "move" prompt.

     Old sailing captains had to keep an eye constantly on the
     wind.  Captains in _S_a_i_l are no different.	A ship's ability
     to move depends on its attitide to the wind.  The best angle
     possible is to have the wind off your quarter, that is, just
     off the stern.  The direction rose on the side of the screen
     gives the possible movements for your ship at all positions
     to the wind.  Battle sail speeds are given first, and full
     sail speeds are given in parenthesis.

			  0 1(2)
			 \|/
			 -^-3(6)
			 /|\
			  | 4(7)
			 3(6)

     Pretend the bow of your ship (the "^") is pointing upward
     and the wind is blowing from the bottom to the top of the
     page.  The numbers at the bottom "3(6)" will be your speed
     under battle or full sails in such a situation.  If the wind
     is off your quarter, then you can move "4(7)".  If the wind
     is off your beam, "3(6)".	If the wind is off your bow, then
     you can only move "1(2)".	Facing into the wind, you can't
     move at all.  Ships facing into the wind were said to be "in
     irons".

[1mWINDSPEED AND DIRECTION
     [0mThe windspeed and direction is displayed as a little weather
     vane on the side of the screen.  The number in the middle of
     the vane indicates the wind speed, and the + to - indicates
     the wind direction.  The wind blows from the + sign (high
     pressure) to the - sign (low pressure).  E.g.,



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			 |
			 3
			 +


     The wind speeds are 0 = becalmed, 1 = light breeze, 2 =
     moderate breeze, 3 = fresh breeze, 4 = strong breeze, 5 =
     gale, 6 = full gale, 7 = hurricane.  If a hurricane shows
     up, all ships are destroyed.

[1mGRAPPLING AND FOULING
     [0mIf two ships collide, they run the risk of becoming tangled
     together.	This is called "fouling."  Fouled ships are stuck
     together, and neither can move.  They can unfoul each other
     if they want to.  Boarding parties can only be sent across
     to ships when the antagonists are either fouled or grappled.

     Ships can grapple each other by throwing grapnels into the
     rigging of the other.

     The number of fouls and grapples you have are displayed on
     the upper right of the screen.

[1mBOARDING
     [0mBoarding was a very costly venture in terms of human life.
     Boarding parties may be formed in _S_a_i_l to either board an
     enemy ship or to defend your own ship against attack.  Men
     organized as Defensive Boarding Parties fight twice as hard
     to save their ship as men left unorganized.

     The boarding strength of a crew depends upon its quality and
     upon the number of men sent.

[1mCREW QUALITY
     [0mThe British seaman was world renowned for his sailing abili-
     ties.  American sailors, however, were actually the best
     seamen in the world.  Because the American Navy offered
     twice the wages of the Royal Navy, British seamen who liked
     the sea defected to America by the thousands.

     In _S_a_i_l, crew quality is quantized into 5 energy levels.
     "Elite" crews can outshoot and outfight all other sailors.
     "Crack" crews are next.  "Mundane" crews are average, and
     "Green" and "Mutinous" crews are below average.  A good rule
     of thumb is that "Crack" or "Elite" crews get one extra hit
     per broadside compared to "Mundane" crews.  Don't expect too
     much from "Green" crews.

[1mBROADSIDES
     [0mYour two broadsides may be loaded with four kinds of shot:
     grape, chain, round, and double.  You have guns and car-
     ronades in both the port and starboard batteries.



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     Carronades only have a range of two, so you have to get in
     close to be able to fire them.  You have the choice of fir-
     ing at the hull or rigging of another ship.  If the range of
     the ship is greater than 6, then you may only shoot at the
     rigging.

     The types of shot and their advantages are:

[1mROUND
     [0mRange of 10.  Good for hull or rigging hits.

[1mDOUBLE
     [0mRange of 1.  Extra good for hull or rigging hits.	Double
     takes two turns to load.

[1mCHAIN
     [0mRange of 3.  Excellent for tearing down rigging.  Cannot
     damage hull or guns, though.

[1mGRAPE
     [0mRange of 1.  Sometimes devastating against enemy crews.

     On the side of the screen is displayed some vital informa-
     tion about your ship:

		    Load  D! R!
		    Hull  9
		    Crew  4  4	2
		    Guns  4  4
		    Carr  2  2
		    Rigg  5 5 5 5

     "Load" shows what your port (left) and starboard (right)
     broadsides are loaded with.  A "!" after the type of shot
     indicates that it is an initial broadside.  Initial broad-
     side were loaded with care before battle and before the
     decks ran red with blood.	As a consequence, initial broad-
     sides are a little more effective than broadsides loaded
     later.  A "*" after the type of shot indicates that the gun
     crews are still loading it, and you cannot fire yet.  "Hull"
     shows how much hull you have left.  "Crew" shows your three
     sections of crew.	As your crew dies off, your ability to
     fire decreases.  "Guns" and "Carr" show your port and star-
     board guns.  As you lose guns, your ability to fire
     decreases.  "Rigg" shows how much rigging you have on your 3
     or 4 masts.  As rigging is shot away, you lose mobility.

[1mEFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE
     [0mIt is very dramatic when a ship fires its thunderous broad-
     sides, but the mere opportunity to fire them does not
     guarantee any hits.  Many factors influence the destructive
     force of a broadside.  First of all, and the chief factor,



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     is distance.  It is harder to hit a ship at range ten than
     it is to hit one sloshing alongside.  Next is raking.  Rak-
     ing fire, as mentioned before, can sometimes dismast a ship
     at range ten.  Next, crew size and quality affects the dam-
     age done by a broadside.	The number of guns firing also
     bears on the point, so to speak.  Lastly, weather affects
     the accuracy of a broadside.  If the seas are high (5 or 6),
     then the lower gunports of ships of the line can't even be
     opened to run out the guns.  This gives frigates and other
     flush decked vessels an advantage in a storm.  The scenario
     _P_e_l_l_e_w _v_s. _T_h_e _D_r_o_i_t_s _d_e _L'_H_o_m_m_e takes advantage of this
     peculiar circumstance.

[1mREPAIRS
     [0mRepairs may be made to your Hull, Guns, and Rigging at the
     slow rate of two points per three turns.  The message
     "Repairs Completed" will be printed if no more repairs can
     be made.

[1mPECULIARITIES OF COMPUTER SHIPS
     [0mComputer ships in _S_a_i_l follow all the rules above with a few
     exceptions.  Computer ships never repair damage.  If they
     did, the players could never beat them.  They play well
     enough as it is.  As a consolation, the computer ships can
     fire double shot every turn.  That fluke is a good reason to
     keep your distance.  The _D_r_i_v_e_r figures out the moves of the
     computer ships.   It computes them with a typical A.I. dis-
     tance function and a depth first search to find the maximum
     "score." It seems to work fairly well, although I'll be the
     first to admit it isn't perfect.

[1mHOW TO PLAY
     [0mCommands are given to _S_a_i_l by typing a single character.
     You will then be prompted for further input.  A brief sum-
     mary of the commands follows.




















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[1mCOMMAND SUMMARY
	 [0m'f'  Fire broadsides if they bear
	 'l'  Reload
	 'L'  Unload broadsides (to change ammo)
	 'm'  Move
	 'i'  Print the closest ship
	 'I'  Print all ships
	 'F'  Find a particular ship or ships (e.g. "a?" for all Americans)
	 's'  Send a message around the fleet
	 'b'  Attempt to board an enemy ship
	 'B'  Recall boarding parties
	 'c'  Change set of sail
	 'r'  Repair
	 'u'  Attempt to unfoul
	 'g'  Grapple/ungrapple
	 'v'  Print version number of game
	'^L'  Redraw screen
	 'Q'  Quit

	 'C'	  Center your ship in the window
	 'U'	    Move window up
	 'D','N'  Move window down
	 'H'	    Move window left
	 'J'	    Move window right
	 'S'	  Toggle window to follow your ship or stay where it is


[1mSCENARIOS
     [0mHere is a summary of the scenarios in _S_a_i_l:


[1mRanger vs. Drake:
     [0mWind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (a) Ranger            19 gun Sloop (crack crew) (7 pts)
     (b) Drake		   17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (6 pts)

[1mThe Battle of Flamborough Head:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

     This is John Paul Jones' first famous battle.  Aboard the
     Bonhomme Richard, he was able to overcome the Serapis's
     greater firepower by quickly boarding her.

     (a) Bonhomme Rich	   42 gun Corvette (crack crew) (11 pts)
     (b) Serapis	   44 gun Frigate (crack crew) (12 pts)

[1mArbuthnot and Des Touches:
     [0mWind from the N, blowing a gale.

     (b) America	   64 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (20 pts)
     (b) Befford	   74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)



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     (b) Adamant	   50 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (17 pts)
     (b) London            98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts)
     (b) Royal Oak	   74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
     (f) Neptune	   74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
     (f) Duc Bougogne	   80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
     (f) Conquerant	   74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
     (f) Provence	   64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
     (f) Romulus	   44 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (10 pts)

[1mSuffren and Hughes:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (b) Monmouth	   74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
     (b) Hero		   74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
     (b) Isis		   50 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (17 pts)
     (b) Superb            74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts)
     (b) Burford	   74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
     (f) Flamband	   50 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (14 pts)
     (f) Annibal	   74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
     (f) Severe            64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
     (f) Brilliant	   80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
     (f) Sphinx            80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)

[1mNymphe vs. Cleopatre:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (b) Nymphe            36 gun Frigate (crack crew) (11 pts)
     (f) Cleopatre	   36 gun Frigate (average crew) (10 pts)

[1mMars vs. Hercule:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
     (b) Mars		   74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
     (f) Hercule	   74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (23 pts)

[1mAmbuscade vs. Baionnaise:
     [0mWind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (b) Ambuscade	   32 gun Frigate (average crew) (9 pts)
     (f) Baionnaise	   24 gun Corvette (average crew) (9 pts)

[1mConstellation vs. Insurgent:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a gale.

     (a) Constellation	   38 gun Corvette (elite crew) (17 pts)
     (f) Insurgent	   36 gun Corvette (average crew) (11 pts)

[1mConstellation vs. Vengeance:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (a) Constellation	   38 gun Corvette (elite crew) (17 pts)
     (f) Vengeance	   40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)




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[1mThe Battle of Lissa:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (b) Amphion	   32 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts)
     (b) Active            38 gun Frigate (elite crew) (18 pts)
     (b) Volage            22 gun Frigate (elite crew) (11 pts)
     (b) Cerberus	   32 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts)
     (f) Favorite	   40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
     (f) Flore		   40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
     (f) Danae		   40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts)
     (f) Bellona	   32 gun Frigate (green crew) (9 pts)
     (f) Corona            40 gun Frigate (green crew) (12 pts)
     (f) Carolina	   32 gun Frigate (green crew) (7 pts)

[1mConstitution vs. Guerriere:
     [0mWind from the SW, blowing a gale.

     (a) Constitution	   44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
     (b) Guerriere	   38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (15 pts)

[1mUnited States vs. Macedonian:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (a) United States	   44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)
     (b) Macedonian	   38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (16 pts)

[1mConstitution vs. Java:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (a) Constitution	   44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
     (b) Java		   38 gun Corvette (crack crew) (19 pts)

[1mChesapeake vs. Shannon:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (a) Chesapeake	   38 gun Frigate (average crew) (14 pts)
     (b) Shannon	   38 gun Frigate (elite crew) (17 pts)

[1mThe Battle of Lake Erie:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a light breeze.

     (a) Lawrence	   20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (9 pts)
     (a) Niagara	   20 gun Sloop (elite crew) (12 pts)
     (b) Lady Prevost	   13 gun Brig (crack crew) (5 pts)
     (b) Detroit	   19 gun Sloop (crack crew) (7 pts)
     (b) Q. Charlotte	   17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (6 pts)

[1mWasp vs. Reindeer:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a light breeze.

     (a) Wasp		   20 gun Sloop (elite crew) (12 pts)
     (b) Reindeer	   18 gun Sloop (elite crew) (9 pts)



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[1mConstitution vs. Cyane and Levant:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a moderate breeze.

     (a) Constitution	   44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
     (b) Cyane		   24 gun Sloop (crack crew) (11 pts) (b)
     Levant	       20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (10 pts)

[1mPellew vs. Droits de L'Homme:
     [0mWind from the N, blowing a gale.

     (b) Indefatigable	   44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (14 pts)
     (b) Amazon            36 gun Frigate (crack crew) (14 pts)
     (f) Droits L'Hom	   74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)

[1mAlgeciras:
     [0mWind from the SW, blowing a moderate breeze.

     (b) Caesar            80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
     (b) Pompee            74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts)
     (b) Spencer	   74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
     (b) Hannibal	   98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts)
     (s) Real-Carlos	   112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
     (s) San Fernando	   96 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (24 pts)
     (s) Argonauta	   80 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (23 pts)
     (s) San Augustine	   74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts)
     (f) Indomptable	   80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
     (f) Desaix            74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)

[1mLake Champlain:
     [0mWind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (a) Saratoga	   26 gun Sloop (crack crew) (12 pts)
     (a) Eagle		   20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (11 pts)
     (a) Ticonderoga	   17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (9 pts)
     (a) Preble            7 gun Brig (crack crew) (4 pts)
     (b) Confiance	   37 gun Frigate (crack crew) (14 pts)
     (b) Linnet            16 gun Sloop (elite crew) (10 pts)
     (b) Chubb		   11 gun Brig (crack crew) (5 pts)

[1mLast Voyage of the USS President:
     [0mWind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (a) President	   44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)
     (b) Endymion	   40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts)
     (b) Pomone            44 gun Frigate (crack crew) (20 pts)
     (b) Tenedos	   38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (15 pts)

[1mHornblower and the Natividad:
     [0mWind from the E, blowing a gale.

     A scenario for you Horny fans.  Remember, he sank the
     Natividad against heavy odds and winds.  Hint: don't try to



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     board the Natividad, her crew is much bigger, albeit green.

     (b) Lydia		   36 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts)
     (s) Natividad	   50 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (14 pts)

[1mCurse of the Flying Dutchman:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

     Just for fun, take the Piece of cake.

     (s) Piece of Cake	   24 gun Corvette (average crew) (9 pts)
     (f) Flying Dutchy	   120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)

[1mThe South Pacific:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a strong breeze.

     (a) USS Scurvy	   136 gun 3 Decker SOL (mutinous crew) (27 pts)
     (b) HMS Tahiti	   120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
     (s) Australian	   32 gun Frigate (average crew) (9 pts)
     (f) Bikini Atoll	   7 gun Brig (crack crew) (4 pts)

[1mHornblower and the battle of Rosas
     [0mWind from the E, blowing a fresh breeze.

     The only battle Hornblower ever lost.  He was able to dismast one
     ship and stern rake the others though.  See if you can do as well.

     (b) Sutherland	   74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
     (f) Turenne	   80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
     (f) Nightmare	   74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
     (f) Paris		   112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
     (f) Napolean	   74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts)

[1mCape Horn:
     [0mWind from the NE, blowing a strong breeze.

     (a) Concord	   80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
     (a) Berkeley	   98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts)
     (b) Thames            120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
     (s) Madrid            112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
     (f) Musket            80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)

[1mNew Orleans:
     [0mWind from the SE, blowing a fresh breeze.

     Watch that little Cypress go!

     (a) Alligator	   120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
     (b) Firefly	   74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts)
     (b) Cypress	   44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (14 pts)





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[1mBotany Bay:
     [0mWind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (b) Shark		   64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
     (f) Coral Snake	   44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
     (f) Sea Lion	   44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)

[1mVoyage to the Bottom of the
     [0mWind from the NW, blowing a fresh breeze.

     This one is dedicated to Richard Basehart and David Hedison.

     (a) Seaview	   120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
     (a) Flying Sub	   40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts)
     (b) Mermaid	   136 gun 3 Decker SOL (mutinous crew) (27 pts)
     (s) Giant Squid	   112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)

[1mFrigate Action:
     [0mWind from the E, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (a) Killdeer	   40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
     (b) Sandpiper	   40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
     (s) Curlew            38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (16 pts)

[1mThe Battle of Midway:
     [0mWind from the E, blowing a moderate breeze.

     (a) Enterprise	   80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
     (a) Yorktown	   80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
     (a) Hornet            74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
     (j) Akagi		   112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
     (j) Kaga		   96 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (24 pts)
     (j) Soryu		   80 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (23 pts)


[1mStar Trek:
     [0mWind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

     (a) Enterprise	   450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
     (a) Yorktown	   450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
     (a) Reliant	   450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
     (a) Galileo	   450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
     (k) Kobayashi Maru    450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
     (k) Klingon II	   450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
     (o) Red Orion	   450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
     (o) Blue Orion	   450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)


[1mCONCLUSION
     [0m_S_a_i_l has been a group effort.





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[1mKen Arnold Code
     [0mcurses library (pu!)

[1mAUTHOR
     [0mDave Riggle

[1mCO-AUTHOR
     [0mEd Wang

[1mREFITTING
     [0mCraig Leres

[1mCONSULTANTS
     [0mChris Guthrie
     Captain Happy
     Horatio Nelson
     Nancy Reagan
	  and many valiant others...

[1mREFERENCES
     [0mWooden Ships & Iron Men, by Avalon Hill
     Captain Horatio Hornblower Novels, (13 of them) by C.S. Forester
     Captain Richard Bolitho Novels, (12 of them) by Alexander Kent
     The Complete Works of Captain Frederick Marryat, (about 20) especially
	  Mr. Midshipman Easy
	  Peter Simple
	  Jacob Faithful
	  Japhet in Search of a Father
	  Snarleyyow, or The Dog Fiend
	  Frank Mildmay, or The Naval Officer

[1mSEE ALSO
     [0mmidway(PUBLIC)

[1mBUGS
     [0mProbably a few, and please report them to "riggle@ernie" and
     "edward@arpa."


















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[0m