[0m


FTP(1C)             UNIX Programmer's Manual		  FTP(1C)



[1mNAME
     [0mftp - ARPANET file transfer program

[1mSYNOPSIS
     ftp [0m[ [1m-v [0m] [ [1m-d [0m] [ [1m-i [0m] [ [1m-n [0m] [ [1m-g [0m] [ [1mhost [0m]

[1mDESCRIPTION
     [0m_F_t_p is the user interface to the ARPANET standard File
     Transfer Protocol.  The program allows a user to transfer
     files to and from a remote network site.

     The client host with which _f_t_p is to communicate may be
     specified on the command line.  If this is done, _f_t_p will
     immediately attempt to establish a connection to an FTP
     server on that host; otherwise, _f_t_p will enter its command
     interpreter and await instructions from the user.	When _f_t_p
     is awaiting commands from the user the prompt "ftp>" is pro-
     vided to the user.  The following commands are recognized by
     _f_t_p:

     [1m! [0m[ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [ _a_r_g_s ] ]
	  Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine.  If
	  there are arguments, the first is taken to be a command
	  to execute directly, with the rest of the arguments as
	  its arguments.

     [1m$ [0m_m_a_c_r_o-_n_a_m_e [ _a_r_g_s ]
	  Execute the macro _m_a_c_r_o-_n_a_m_e that was defined with the
	  [1mmacdef [0mcommand.  Arguments are passed to the macro
	  unglobbed.

     [1maccount [0m[ _p_a_s_s_w_d ]
	  Supply a supplemental password required by a remote
	  system for access to resources once a login has been
	  successfully completed.  If no argument is included,
	  the user will be prompted for an account password in a
	  non-echoing input mode.

     [1mappend [0m_l_o_c_a_l-_f_i_l_e [ _r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e ]
	  Append a local file to a file on the remote machine.
	  If _r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e is left unspecified, the local file name
	  is used in naming the remote file after being altered
	  by any _n_t_r_a_n_s or _n_m_a_p setting.  File transfer uses the
	  current settings for _t_y_p_e, _f_o_r_m_a_t, _m_o_d_e, and _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e.

     [1mascii
	  [0mSet the file transfer _t_y_p_e to network ASCII.	This is
	  the default type.

     [1mbell [0mArrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer
	  command is completed.




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     [1mbinary
	  [0mSet the file transfer _t_y_p_e to support binary image
	  transfer.

     [1mbye  [0mTerminate the FTP session with the remote server and
	  exit _f_t_p.  An end of file will also terminate the ses-
	  sion and exit.

     [1mcase [0mToggle remote computer file name case mapping during
	  [1mmget [0mcommands.  When [1mcase [0mis on (default is off),
	  remote computer file names with all letters in upper
	  case are written in the local directory with the
	  letters mapped to lower case.

     [1mcd [0m_r_e_m_o_t_e-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
	  Change the working directory on the remote machine to
	  _r_e_m_o_t_e-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y.

     [1mcdup [0mChange the remote machine working directory to the
	  parent of the current remote machine working directory.

     [1mclose
	  [0mTerminate the FTP session with the remote server, and
	  return to the command interpreter.  Any defined macros
	  are erased.

     [1mcr   [0mToggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file
	  retrieval.  Records are denoted by a carriage
	  return/linefeed sequence during ascii type file
	  transfer.  When [1mcr [0mis on (the default), carriage
	  returns are stripped from this sequence to conform with
	  the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter.  Records on
	  non-UNIX remote systems may contain single linefeeds;
	  when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds
	  may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when
	  [1mcr [0mis off.

     [1mdelete [0m_r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e
	  Delete the file _r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e on the remote machine.

     [1mdebug [0m[ _d_e_b_u_g-_v_a_l_u_e ]
	  Toggle debugging mode.  If an optional _d_e_b_u_g-_v_a_l_u_e is
	  specified it is used to set the debugging level.  When
	  debugging is on, _f_t_p prints each command sent to the
	  remote machine, preceded by the string "-->".

     [1mdir [0m[ _r_e_m_o_t_e-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y ] [ _l_o_c_a_l-_f_i_l_e ]
	  Print a listing of the directory contents in the direc-
	  tory, _r_e_m_o_t_e-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y, and, optionally, placing the
	  output in _l_o_c_a_l-_f_i_l_e.  If no directory is specified,
	  the current working directory on the remote machine is
	  used.  If no local file is specified, or _l_o_c_a_l-_f_i_l_e is



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	  [1m-[0m, output comes to the terminal.  If you want to
	  specify a local file but no remote directory, use `.'
	  as a placeholder; e.g. "dir . /tmp/listing".

     [1mdisconnect
	  [0mA synonym for [1mclose[0m.

     [1mform [0m_f_o_r_m_a_t
	  Set the file transfer _f_o_r_m to _f_o_r_m_a_t.  The default (and
	  only) format is "non-print".

     [1mget [0m_r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e [ _l_o_c_a_l-_f_i_l_e ]
	  Retrieve the _r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e and store it on the local
	  machine.  If the local file name is not specified, it
	  is given the same name it has on the remote machine,
	  subject to alteration by the current _c_a_s_e, _n_t_r_a_n_s, and
	  _n_m_a_p settings.  The current settings for _t_y_p_e, _f_o_r_m,
	  _m_o_d_e, and _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e are used while transferring the
	  file.

     [1mglob [0mToggle filename expansion for [1mmdelete[0m, [1mmget [0mand [1mmput[0m.
	  If globbing is turned off with [1mglob[0m, the file name
	  arguments are taken literally and not expanded.  Glob-
	  bing for [1mmput [0mis done as in [1mcsh[0m(1).  For [1mmdelete [0mand
	  [1mmget[0m, each remote file name is expanded separately on
	  the remote machine and the lists are not merged.
	  Expansion of a directory name is likely to be different
	  from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the
	  exact result depends on the foreign operating system
	  and ftp server, and can be previewed by doing
	  `[1mmls [0m_r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e_s [1m-[0m'.  Note:	[1mmget [0mand [1mmput [0mare not
	  meant to transfer entire directory subtrees of files.
	  That can be done by transferring a [1mtar[0m(1) archive of
	  the subtree (in binary mode).

     [1mhash [0mToggle hash-sign (``#'') printing for each data block
	  transferred.	The size of a data block is 1024 bytes.

     [1mhelp [0m[ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d ]
	  Print an informative message about the meaning of _c_o_m_-
	  _m_a_n_d.  If no argument is given, _f_t_p prints a list of
	  the known commands.

     [1mlcd [0m[ _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y ]
	  Change the working directory on the local machine.  If
	  no _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y is specified, the user's home directory is
	  used.

     [1mls [0m[ _r_e_m_o_t_e-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y ] [ _l_o_c_a_l-_f_i_l_e ]
	  Print an abbreviated listing of the contents of a
	  directory on the remote machine.  If _r_e_m_o_t_e-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
	  is left unspecified, the current working directory is



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	  used.  If no local file is specified, or if _l_o_c_a_l-_f_i_l_e
	  is [1m-[0m, the output is sent to the terminal.

     [1mmacdef [0m_m_a_c_r_o-_n_a_m_e
	  Define a macro.  Subsequent lines are stored as the
	  macro _m_a_c_r_o-_n_a_m_e; a null line (consecutive newline
	  characters in a file or carriage returns from the ter-
	  minal) terminates macro input mode.  There is a limit
	  of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in all defined
	  macros.  Macros remain defined until a [1mclose [0mcommand is
	  executed.  The macro processor interprets '$' and '\'
	  as special characters.  A '$' followed by a number (or
	  numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on
	  the macro invocation command line.  A '$' followed by
	  an 'i' signals that macro processor that the executing
	  macro is to be looped. On the first pass '$i' is
	  replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation
	  command line, on the second pass it is replaced by the
	  second argument, and so on.  A '\' followed by any
	  character is replaced by that character.  Use the '\'
	  to prevent special treatment of the '$'.

     [1mmdelete [0m[ _r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e_s ]
	  Delete the _r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e_s on the remote machine.

     [1mmdir [0m_r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e_s _l_o_c_a_l-_f_i_l_e
	  Like [1mdir[0m, except multiple remote files may be speci-
	  fied.  If interactive prompting is on, _f_t_p will prompt
	  the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the
	  target local file for receiving [1mmdir [0moutput.

     [1mmget [0m_r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e_s
	  Expand the _r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e_s on the remote machine and do a
	  [1mget [0mfor each file name thus produced.  See [1mglob [0mfor
	  details on the filename expansion.  Resulting file
	  names will then be processed according to _c_a_s_e, _n_t_r_a_n_s,
	  and _n_m_a_p settings.  Files are transferred into the
	  local working directory, which can be changed with
	  `[1mlcd [0mdirectory'; new local directories can be created
	  with `[1m! [0mmkdir directory'.

     [1mmkdir [0m_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y-_n_a_m_e
	  Make a directory on the remote machine.

     [1mmls [0m_r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e_s _l_o_c_a_l-_f_i_l_e
	  Like [1mls[0m, except multiple remote files may be specified.
	  If interactive prompting is on, _f_t_p will prompt the
	  user to verify that the last argument is indeed the
	  target local file for receiving [1mmls [0moutput.

     [1mmode [0m[ _m_o_d_e-_n_a_m_e ]
	  Set the file transfer _m_o_d_e to _m_o_d_e-_n_a_m_e.  The default



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	  mode is "stream" mode.

     [1mmput [0m_l_o_c_a_l-_f_i_l_e_s
	  Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as
	  arguments and do a [1mput [0mfor each file in the resulting
	  list.  See [1mglob [0mfor details of filename expansion.
	  Resulting file names will then be processed according
	  to _n_t_r_a_n_s and _n_m_a_p settings.

     [1mnmap [0m[ _i_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _o_u_t_p_a_t_t_e_r_n ]
	  Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism.	If no
	  arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism
	  is unset.  If arguments are specified, remote filenames
	  are mapped during [1mmput [0mcommands and [1mput [0mcommands issued
	  without a specified remote target filename.  If argu-
	  ments are specified, local filenames are mapped during
	  [1mmget [0mcommands and [1mget [0mcommands issued without a speci-
	  fied local target filename.  This command is useful
	  when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer with dif-
	  ferent file naming conventions or practices.	The map-
	  ping follows the pattern set by _i_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n and _o_u_t_p_a_t_-
	  _t_e_r_n.  _I_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n is a template for incoming filenames
	  (which may have already been processed according to the
	  [1mntrans [0mand [1mcase [0msettings).  Variable templating is
	  accomplished by including the sequences '$1', '$2',
	  ..., '$9' in _i_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n.  Use '\' to prevent this spe-
	  cial treatment of the '$' character.	All other charac-
	  ters are treated literally, and are used to determine
	  the [1mnmap [0m_i_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n variable values.  For exmaple, given
	  _i_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data",
	  $1 would have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the
	  value "data".  The _o_u_t_p_a_t_t_e_r_n determines the resulting
	  mapped filename.  The sequences '$1', '$2', ...., '$9'
	  are replaced by any value resulting from the _i_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n
	  template.  The sequence '$0' is replace by the original
	  filename.  Additionally, the sequence '[_s_e_q_1,_s_e_q_2]' is
	  replaced by _s_e_q_1 if _s_e_q_1 is not a null string; other-
	  wise it is replaced by _s_e_q_2.	For example, the command
	  "nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file]" would yield the out-
	  put filename "myfile.data" for input filenames
	  "myfile.data" and "myfile.data.old", "myfile.file" for
	  the input filename "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for
	  the input filename ".myfile".  Spaces may be included
	  in _o_u_t_p_a_t_t_e_r_n, as in the example: nmap $1 |sed "s/
	  *$//" > $1 .	Use the '\' character to prevent special
	  treatment of the '$', '[', ']', and ',' characters.

     [1mntrans [0m[ _i_n_c_h_a_r_s [ _o_u_t_c_h_a_r_s ] ]
	  Set or unset the filename character translation mechan-
	  ism.	If no arguments are specified, the filename char-
	  acter translation mechanism is unset.  If arguments are
	  specified, characters in remote filenames are



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	  translated during [1mmput [0mcommands and [1mput [0mcommands issued
	  without a specified remote target filename.  If argu-
	  ments are specified, characters in local filenames are
	  translated during [1mmget [0mcommands and [1mget [0mcommands issued
	  without a specified local target filename.  This com-
	  mand is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote
	  computer with different file naming conventions or
	  practices.  Characters in a filename matching a charac-
	  ter in _i_n_c_h_a_r_s are replaced with the corresponding
	  character in _o_u_t_c_h_a_r_s.  If the character's position in
	  _i_n_c_h_a_r_s is longer than the length of _o_u_t_c_h_a_r_s, the
	  character is deleted from the file name.

     [1mopen [0m_h_o_s_t [ _p_o_r_t ]
	  Establish a connection to the specified _h_o_s_t FTP
	  server.  An optional port number may be supplied, in
	  which case, _f_t_p will attempt to contact an FTP server
	  at that port.  If the _a_u_t_o-_l_o_g_i_n option is on
	  (default), _f_t_p will also attempt to automatically log
	  the user in to the FTP server (see below).

     [1mprompt
	  [0mToggle interactive prompting.  Interactive prompting
	  occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the user
	  to selectively retrieve or store files.  If prompting
	  is turned off (default is on), any [1mmget [0mor [1mmput [0mwill
	  transfer all files, and any [1mmdelete [0mwill delete all
	  files.

     [1mproxy [0m_f_t_p-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
	  Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connec-
	  tion.  This command allows simultaneous connection to
	  two remote ftp servers for transferring files between
	  the two servers.  The first [1mproxy [0mcommand should be an
	  [1mopen[0m, to establish the secondary control connection.
	  Enter the command "proxy ?" to see other ftp commands
	  executable on the secondary connection.  The following
	  commands behave differently when prefaced by [1mproxy[0m:
	  [1mopen [0mwill not define new macros during the auto-login
	  process, [1mclose [0mwill not erase existing macro defini-
	  tions, [1mget [0mand [1mmget [0mtransfer files from the host on the
	  primary control connection to the host on the secondary
	  control connection, and [1mput[0m, [1mmput[0m, and [1mappend [0mtransfer
	  files from the host on the secondary control connection
	  to the host on the primary control connection.  Third
	  party file transfers depend upon support of the ftp
	  protocol PASV command by the server on the secondary
	  control connection.

     [1mput [0m_l_o_c_a_l-_f_i_l_e [ _r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e ]
	  Store a local file on the remote machine.  If _r_e_m_o_t_e-
	  _f_i_l_e is left unspecified, the local file name is used



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	  after processing according to any _n_t_r_a_n_s or _n_m_a_p set-
	  tings in naming the remote file.  File transfer uses
	  the current settings for _t_y_p_e, _f_o_r_m_a_t, _m_o_d_e, and _s_t_r_u_c_-
	  _t_u_r_e.

     [1mpwd  [0mPrint the name of the current working directory on the
	  remote machine.

     [1mquit [0mA synonym for [1mbye[0m.

     [1mquote [0m_a_r_g_1 _a_r_g_2 ...
	  The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the
	  remote FTP server.

     [1mrecv [0m_r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e [ _l_o_c_a_l-_f_i_l_e ]
	  A synonym for get.

     [1mremotehelp [0m[ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d-_n_a_m_e ]
	  Request help from the remote FTP server.  If a
	  _c_o_m_m_a_n_d-_n_a_m_e is specified it is supplied to the server
	  as well.

     [1mrename [0m[ _f_r_o_m ] [ _t_o ]
	  Rename the file _f_r_o_m on the remote machine, to the file
	  _t_o.

     [1mreset
	  [0mClear reply queue.  This command re-synchronizes
	  command/reply sequencing with the remote ftp server.
	  Resynchronization may be neccesary following a viola-
	  tion of the ftp protocol by the remote server.

     [1mrmdir [0m_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y-_n_a_m_e
	  Delete a directory on the remote machine.

     [1mrunique
	  [0mToggle storing of files on the local system with unique
	  filenames.  If a file already exists with a name equal
	  to the target local filename for a [1mget [0mor [1mmget [0mcommand,
	  a ".1" is appended to the name.  If the resulting name
	  matches another existing file, a ".2" is appended to
	  the original name.  If this process continues up to
	  ".99", an error message is printed, and the transfer
	  does not take place.	The generated unique filename
	  will be reported.  Note that [1mrunique [0mwill not affect
	  local files generated from a shell command (see below).
	  The default value is off.

     [1msend [0m_l_o_c_a_l-_f_i_l_e [ _r_e_m_o_t_e-_f_i_l_e ]
	  A synonym for put.

     [1msendport



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	  Toggle the use of PORT commands.  By default, _f_t_p will
	  attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a con-
	  nection for each data transfer.  The use of PORT com-
	  mands can prevent delays when performing multiple file
	  transfers. If the PORT command fails, _f_t_p will use the
	  default data port.  When the use of PORT commands is
	  disabled, no attempt will be made to use PORT commands
	  for each data transfer.  This is useful for certain FTP
	  implementations which do ignore PORT commands but,
	  incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted.

     [1mstatus
	  [0mShow the current status of _f_t_p.

     [1mstruct [0m[ _s_t_r_u_c_t-_n_a_m_e ]
	  Set the file transfer _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e to _s_t_r_u_c_t-_n_a_m_e.  The
	  default (and only) structure is "file".

     [1msunique
	  [0mToggle storing of files on remote machine under unique
	  file names.  Remote ftp server must support ftp proto-
	  col STOU command for successful completion.  The remote
	  server will report unique name.  Default value is off.

     [1mtenex
	  [0mSet the file transfer type to that needed to talk to
	  TENEX machines.

     [1mtrace
	  [0mToggle packet tracing.

     [1mtype [0m[ _t_y_p_e-_n_a_m_e ]
	  Set the file transfer _t_y_p_e to _t_y_p_e-_n_a_m_e.  If no type is
	  specified, the current type is printed.  The default
	  type is network ASCII.

     [1muser [0m_u_s_e_r-_n_a_m_e [ _p_a_s_s_w_o_r_d ] [ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t ]
	  Identify yourself to the remote FTP server.  If the
	  password is not specified and the server requires it,
	  _f_t_p will prompt the user for it (after disabling local
	  echo).  If an account field is not specified, and the
	  FTP server requires it, the user will be prompted for
	  it.  If an account field is specified, an account com-
	  mand will be relayed to the remote server after the
	  login sequence is completed if the remote server did
	  not require it for logging in.  Unless _f_t_p is invoked
	  with "auto-login" disabled, this process is done
	  automatically on initial connection to the FTP server.

     [1mverbose
	  [0mToggle verbose mode.	In verbose mode, all responses
	  from the FTP server are displayed to the user.  In



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	  addition, if verbose is on, when a file transfer com-
	  pletes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the
	  transfer are reported.  By default, verbose is on.

     [1m? [0m[ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d ]
	  A synonym for help.

     Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted
     with quote (") marks.

[1mABORTING A FILE TRANSFER
     [0mTo abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key
     (usually Ctrl-C).	Sending transfers will be immediately
     halted.  Receiving transfers will be halted by sending a ftp
     protocol ABOR command to the remote server, and discarding
     any further data received.  The speed at which this is
     accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for
     ABOR processing.  If the remote server does not support the
     ABOR command, an "ftp>" prompt will not appear until the
     remote server has completed sending the requested file.

     The terminal interrupt key sequence will be ignored when _f_t_p
     has completed any local processing and is awaiting a reply
     from the remote server.  A long delay in this mode may
     result from the ABOR processing described above, or from
     unexpected behavior by the remote server, including viola-
     tions of the ftp protocol.  If the delay results from unex-
     pected remote server behavior, the local _f_t_p program must be
     killed by hand.

[1mFILE NAMING CONVENTIONS
     [0mFiles specified as arguments to _f_t_p commands are processed
     according to the following rules.

     1)   If the file name "-" is specified, the [1mstdin [0m(for read-
	  ing) or [1mstdout [0m(for writing) is used.

     2)   If the first character of the file name is "|", the
	  remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell
	  command.  _F_t_p then forks a shell, using _p_o_p_e_n(3) with
	  the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from the
	  stdout (stdin).  If the shell command includes spaces,
	  the argument must be quoted; e.g. ""| ls -lt"".  A par-
	  ticularly useful example of this mechanism is: "dir .
	  |more".

     3)   Failing the above checks, if ``globbing'' is enabled,
	  local file names are expanded according to the rules
	  used in the _c_s_h(1); c.f. the _g_l_o_b command. If the _f_t_p
	  command expects a single local file ( .e.g.  [1mput[0m), only
	  the first filename generated by the "globbing" opera-
	  tion is used.



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     4)   For [1mmget [0mcommands and [1mget [0mcommands with unspecified
	  local file names, the local filename is the remote
	  filename, which may be altered by a [1mcase[0m, [1mntrans[0m, or
	  [1mnmap [0msetting.  The resulting filename may then be
	  altered if [1mrunique [0mis on.

     5)   For [1mmput [0mcommands and [1mput [0mcommands with unspecified
	  remote file names, the remote filename is the local
	  filename, which may be altered by a [1mntrans [0mor [1mnmap [0mset-
	  ting.  The resulting filename may then be altered by
	  the remote server if [1msunique [0mis on.

[1mFILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS
     [0mThe FTP specification specifies many parameters which may
     affect a file transfer.  The _t_y_p_e may be one of "ascii",
     "image" (binary), "ebcdic", and "local byte size" (for PDP-
     10's and PDP-20's mostly).  _F_t_p supports the ascii and image
     types of file transfer, plus local byte size 8 for [1mtenex
     [0mmode transfers.

     _F_t_p supports only the default values for the remaining file
     transfer parameters: _m_o_d_e, _f_o_r_m, and _s_t_r_u_c_t.

[1mOPTIONS
     [0mOptions may be specified at the command line, or to the com-
     mand interpreter.

     The [1m-v [0m(verbose on) option forces _f_t_p to show all responses
     from the remote server, as well as report on data transfer
     statistics.

     The [1m-n [0moption restrains _f_t_p from attempting "auto-login"
     upon initial connection.  If auto-login is enabled, _f_t_p will
     check the ._n_e_t_r_c (see below) file in the user's home direc-
     tory for an entry describing an account on the remote
     machine.  If no entry exists, _f_t_p will prompt for the remote
     machine login name (default is the user identity on the
     local machine), and, if necessary, prompt for a password and
     an account with which to login.

     The [1m-i [0moption turns off interactive prompting during multi-
     ple file transfers.

     The [1m-d [0moption enables debugging.

     The [1m-g [0moption disables file name globbing.

[1mTHE .netrc FILE
     [0mThe .netrc file contains login and initialization informa-
     tion used by the auto-login process.  It resides in the
     user's home directory.  The following tokens are recognized;
     they may be separated by spaces, tabs, or new-lines:



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     [1mmachine [0m_n_a_m_e
	  Identify a remote machine name.  The auto-login process
	  searches the .netrc file for a [1mmachine [0mtoken that
	  matches the remote machine specified on the _f_t_p command
	  line or as an [1mopen [0mcommand argument.	Once a match is
	  made, the subsequent .netrc tokens are processed, stop-
	  ping when the end of file is reached or another [1mmachine
	  [0mtoken is encountered.

     [1mlogin [0m_n_a_m_e
	  Identify a user on the remote machine.  If this token
	  is present, the auto-login process will initiate a
	  login using the specified name.

     [1mpassword [0m_s_t_r_i_n_g
	  Supply a password.  If this token is present, the
	  auto-login process will supply the specified string if
	  the remote server requires a password as part of the
	  login process.  Note that if this token is present in
	  the .netrc file, _f_t_p will abort the auto-login process
	  if the .netrc is readable by anyone besides the user.

     [1maccount [0m_s_t_r_i_n_g
	  Supply an additional account password.  If this token
	  is present, the auto-login process will supply the
	  specified string if the remote server requires an addi-
	  tional account password, or the auto-login process will
	  initiate an ACCT command if it does not.

     [1mmacdef [0m_n_a_m_e
	  Define a macro.  This token functions like the _f_t_p [1mmac-
	  def [0mcommand functions.  A macro is defined with the
	  specified name; its contents begin with the next .netrc
	  line and continue until a null line (consecutive new-
	  line characters) is encountered.  If a macro named _i_n_i_t
	  is defined, it is automatically executed as the last
	  step in the auto-login process.

[1mBUGS
     [0mCorrect execution of many commands depends upon proper
     behavior by the remote server.

     An error in the treatment of carriage returns in the 4.2BSD
     UNIX ascii-mode transfer code has been corrected.	This
     correction may result in incorrect transfers of binary files
     to and from 4.2BSD servers using the ascii type.  Avoid this
     problem by using the binary image type.








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[0m